The international evolution free essay sample

Introduction Since the phenomenon of globalization, companies that decided to broaden their horizons have to face multiple challenges and their management functions need some adaptations. While going abroad, companies may become concerned with the subject of corruption that makes the business with foreign countries even more complicated. Even if there is a willingness to fight and reduce the corruption across the world, companies must be aware that this subject exists and must take it into account while dealing with foreign companies, their efforts to understand and adapt to local corruption influencing their success of failure. Analyse the causes of corruption. Why has corruption been greater in countries with extensive government regulation? Will a shift to free markets inevitably reduce corruption? Many authors tried to understand the subject of corruption and its causes. Among them, the government weaknesses or shortcoming may lead to higher corruption since companies are not afraid of being apprehended (David Conklin, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on The international evolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, government officials with low wages and low educational levels will be more likely to accept illegal payments to survive but also because they do not realize the consequences for the nation’s economic development (David Conklin, 2009). Other reasons are given by the author like the widespread poverty, the possession of major reserves of natural resources, as being likely to influence positively the corruption. On top of that, the current literature identified a linear relationship between corruption and government regulations (Naved Ahmad, 2002) and it seems that higher degree of government regulations leads to higher levels of corruption. This is easily understandable. The more the companies need the intervention of the government to run a business (licenses and permits, control over procurement, contracts, public investments, tax incentive, credits), the more companies will be tent to â€Å"bypass the complex system of government approvals† in order to get quick endorsement in their favour. As an example, a study carried out by Licetti and Madani (2010) showed that there exists a positive relationship between corruption and the number of days needed to  start a business and to import (see Appendix1). The above analyse names the different causes of corruption that can appear in each country, separately. But with the phenomenon of globalization and the shift to free markets, companies have to deal more and more with foreign countries and the affirmation that corruption will be reduced need to be nuanced. There are a series of elements that speak in favour of that affirmation: first, with the shift to free markets and the increasing competition, companies have the possibility to search for multiple providers, to choose for the best and to switch for another one. Secondly, if they want to attract business, countries have to present clean business environment. And thirdly, it seems that firms cannot afford the costs which corruption adds to the operating expenses in a competitive environment (Carolyn Warner, 2007). However, the reduction of the corruption is limited by a series of elements that increases the utility of bribery as a business tool: the fierce competition companies must face, the international organizations having limited or no enforcement power, the legal jurisdictions largely still being national†¦(Carolyn Warner, 2007). Where would you draw the line between acceptable gifts and unacceptable bribes? Does this line differ among countries? Design an anti-corruption code you could give to your employees. Dealing with different countries, with different cultural is challenging for a company going abroad and with the subject of corruption, it is sometimes difficult to draw a line between what is acceptable and what is not. In some countries, like China, gifting is a part of doing business (in the cultural norm of â€Å"guanxi†, for example) while in others this would be seen as bribery. In order to draw that line companies should look at three different aspects. First, the international laws about gifts and bribes must be carefully analysed. Second, companies should gather information in regard to what is permitted by the local culture. Last but not least, companies must look carefully at their CSR strategy in order to see which kind of gifts there are ready to accept in order to be in line with their core values. After analysing those three aspects, companies will be able to draw a line between gifts and bribes, using an ethical relativism or an ethical absolutism (Bricoe, Schuler and Tarique, 2012). This list must be integrated to a gift policy (anti-corruption code; see Appendix 2) that must to be well communicated, accepted and used by all members of the company. In top of  that, the company should put in place controls system in order to check if the anti-corruption code is respected. The role of the international human resources management function is therefore crucial. The IHRM function needs to understand the different cultures the company is dealing with, to tolerate the cultural diversity while avoiding moral recklessness. This will ask the managers to conduct deep researches about the cultural differences and to train people concerning the anti-corruption code. Are donations to politicians and political parties a form of corruption? Should donations be prohibited? Donations to politicians and political parties appears in more advanced nations and tend to be almost invisible as they have taken a permanent place in the election process. Donations can be considered as a form of corruption if, by giving large sums of money to politicians, people think that they are going to get some kind of return for it. Corruption in politics appears also when politicians try to buy votes instead of winning them. Corruption in politics can have severe consequences. According Transparency International, â€Å"it can lead politicians in office to steer away from good government. Their decisions can benefit those who fund them. The public interest comes second†. Besides, when decision makers accept gifts, they give the appearance of being of the take and consequently they cannot be trusted anymore. According to me, donations in politics do not have to be totally prohibited but rather more regulated by a campaign finance reform as in the United States. By this way, the government can have more control over who can donate to campaigns and can regulate how much they are permitted to donate. Can Law and international agreements change corruption where these are embedded in culture and societal norms and political actions? The case highlighted the cultural differences in terms of corruption across countries. Some practices are so embedded in societal norms that it is difficult to eliminate them. But it seems that highly corrupted countries like Bangladesh or Burkina Faso recognise that corruption is a major constraint in their business. I don’t really believe that more law or international agreements will change anything, but I really believe that there need a real change in officials’ mentality in order to change the situation. People need to realize that fighting corruption will have a positive impact on their nation’s economic development. Conclusion In these two pages, we first saw that corruption emerges from many causes and that countries with high regulations will be more likely to face corruption than countries with low regulations since companies need the government approvals to run a business and that the shift to free market can help to face corruption. Second, we saw that the line between acceptable gift and illegible bribes is difficult to draw. Thirdly, we saw that donations to politicians were, in certain circumstances a form of corruption and therefore needed to be regulated. Finally, a change in mentality is necessary in order to fight corruption in some countries. Appendixes Appendix 1: Corruption and the ease of starting a business and importing (2008)1 Appendix 2: Example of Anti-Corruption code 1. The enterprise shall prohibit bribery in any form. 2. Gifts, entertainment and hospitality are acceptable if they are reasonable (ex. invitations to some events, social gatherings) and if they are related to our business. 3. Facilitations payments are not allowed. 4. If you have any doubt about the quality of the gift you received, ask you direct manager or the ethical officer. 5. Each gift must be monitored by the ethical officer and entered in the gift register. 6. Employees must not use their official positions to obtain private gifts or benefits from themselves. 7. Supplier selection will never be based on receipt of a gift, hospitality of payment. 8. Each employee has the right and the duty to denounce each situation of corruption with a guarantee of confidentiality. 9. Any violation of this policy will be regarded as a serious matter and you will be sanctioned and punishment for violating the law may result of imprisonment or probation. 10. Contributions to communities projects or charities need the authorization of the ethical officer

Free Essays on Plato On Justice And Injustice

In The Republic, Plato attempts to demonstrate through the character and discourse of Socrates that justice is better than justice is the good which men must strive for, regardless of whether they could be unjust and still be rewarded. His method is to use dialectic, the asking and answering of questions which led the hearer from one point to another, supposedly with irrefutable logic by obtaining agreement to each point before going on to the next, and so building an argument. Early on, his two young listeners pose the question of whether justice is stronger than injustice, what each does to a man, and what makes the first good and the second bad. In answering this question, Socrates deals directly with the philosophy of the individual's goodness and virtue, but also ties it to his concept of the perfect state, which is a republic of three classes of people with a rigid social structure and little in the way of amusement. Although Socrates returns time and again to the concept of justice in his discourse on the perfect city-state, much of it seems off the original subject. One of his main points, however, is that goodness is doing what is best for the common, greater good rather than for individual happiness. There is a real sense in which his philosophy turns on the concepts of virtue, and his belief that ultimately virtue is its own reward. His first major point is that justice is an excellence of character. He then seeks agreement that no excellence is achieved through destructive means. The function of justice is to improve human nature, which is inherently constructive. Therefore, at a minimum, justice is a form of goodness that cannot be involved in injuring someone's character. Justice, in short, is a virtue, a human excellence. His next point is that acting in accordance with excellence brings happiness. Then he ties excellence to one's function. His examples are those of the senses each sensory organ is excel... Free Essays on Plato On Justice And Injustice Free Essays on Plato On Justice And Injustice In The Republic, Plato attempts to demonstrate through the character and discourse of Socrates that justice is better than justice is the good which men must strive for, regardless of whether they could be unjust and still be rewarded. His method is to use dialectic, the asking and answering of questions which led the hearer from one point to another, supposedly with irrefutable logic by obtaining agreement to each point before going on to the next, and so building an argument. Early on, his two young listeners pose the question of whether justice is stronger than injustice, what each does to a man, and what makes the first good and the second bad. In answering this question, Socrates deals directly with the philosophy of the individual's goodness and virtue, but also ties it to his concept of the perfect state, which is a republic of three classes of people with a rigid social structure and little in the way of amusement. Although Socrates returns time and again to the concept of justice in his discourse on the perfect city-state, much of it seems off the original subject. One of his main points, however, is that goodness is doing what is best for the common, greater good rather than for individual happiness. There is a real sense in which his philosophy turns on the concepts of virtue, and his belief that ultimately virtue is its own reward. His first major point is that justice is an excellence of character. He then seeks agreement that no excellence is achieved through destructive means. The function of justice is to improve human nature, which is inherently constructive. Therefore, at a minimum, justice is a form of goodness that cannot be involved in injuring someone's character. Justice, in short, is a virtue, a human excellence. His next point is that acting in accordance with excellence brings happiness. Then he ties excellence to one's function. His examples are those of the senses each sensory organ is excel...

High Profile Organizations Including the Police Force, Mining Industry Essay - 1

High Profile Organizations Including the Police Force, Mining Industry, Building Industry - Essay Example According to Schein (2010), organizational culture is one the factors that can affect better organization performance; hence, organizations should change their cultural behaviors in case they want to achieve better performance. Many companies are aware of increasing responsibilities to both employees and the society; thus, they have considered management issues as effective means for achieving their stated objectives. Therefore, organizations employ CSR model, stakeholder engagement strategy, social accountability concepts among others as effective means for monitoring social demands and managing their social response mechanisms. Organizations monitor social demands and manage social response mechanism through various ways. The CRS model is one of the mechanisms organizations employ in order to manage social response mechanism. CSR is a sustainable response model used in many organizations for monitoring an ensuring that the organizations actively comply with the required ethical standards, regulation and international norms. It is a self-regulating mechanism that embraces the responsibilities for the organization’ actions and encourages a positive response from stakeholders, employees and consumers (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2003). Social responsibility is one of the significant themes that organizations give considerable attention. This is through employing various models such as the CSR model for monitoring the responsibilities. The growing attention to organization ethics fits well in the evolution of thinking on the quality services offered to customers. Many companies have employed the CSR as a mode l for creating positive social change in organizations. For instance, the police force employs CSR through integrating corporate governance and other organization theories into various actors, which are driven by moral motives. The aim is to improve the quality of services and enable customers to achieve effective satisfaction. Organization design effective grievances mechanism and  dispute resolution methods through incorporating CSR strategy as one of the organizational management systems.  

Strategy (Business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategy (Business) - Essay Example Johnson & Scholes (1999) define stakeholder as, â€Å"Stakeholders are groups or individuals who have a stake in, or expectation of, the organisation’s performance.† Stakeholders all have power, someone has a formal power invested in a position of authority or it could be the social power of being able to persuade others to support or oppose the policies of the organization. For example NGOs and social watch groups often exert such a power on the company forcing the organization to adopt or abandon some decisions. For example an oil producing company has to remain watchful for any pollution in the seabed, a construction company has to make sure that it doesn’t spread too much of building material on the lanes and bylanes, blocking the easy movement of general public. People with higher power could be the company’s most useful supporters or most dangerous opponents, depending upon the prevailing dynamics. Different companies have different set of stakeholders with different levels of power structures. Shareholders (medium and big): This type of shareholder is interested in better dividend rates as well as better performance and public relations of the company. He keeps an eye on macro as well as micro level factors. Banks and Financial Institutions: Banks and Institutions are not only interested in better showing, but they also wish the company to diversify in more areas, open more facilities as that involves more business for banks and Financial Institutions (FIs). Customers: Customers want value for their money; they can wield pressure by way of asking for better quality at reasonable prices. They need to be pampered by the company, otherwise there is an inherent danger of their opting for alternative products or the products of rival companies. Lower level Employees: These stakeholders are interested in their salaries at the end of the month, not involving themselves in the strategic decisions. They

Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacology - Essay Example To prevent exercise-induced angina and other precipitation-related conditions, at least one metered dose should be sprayed beneath the tongue shortly before the event. The highest number of Nitrolingual Pumpspray doses administered per day should be determined considering the full medical history of the patient, the angina severity, and any concurrent medication (Coyne 2008 p34). 2. The patient is complaining of discomfort and pain, which are angina’s main symptoms. It includes squeezing, pressure, tightness and burning in the chest, with the discomfort and pains starting from behind the breastbone. The patient is also complaining of nausea, shortness of breath, as well as a pale and cold skin, all which point to angina. The shortness of breath is common with elderly patients of angina, and the pain may make the patient feel as if he is suffering from indigestion or an uncomfortable feeling in the stomach. The blood pressure is also a factor to consider, as the patient was rec orded to have 148mmHg, which is way above the recommended 100mmHg for a normal person. Additionally, the patient’s last oral intake was tea and biscuits, which indicates that within the previous 24 hours he did not consume sildenafil (Neal 2012 p34). Question 2 1. The main glyceryl trinitrate’s pharmacological action is that it relaxes vascular smooth muscle, and then vasodilates peripheral arteries and veins, with veins vasodilating more than arteries. Post-capillary vessels’ dilation that also includes large veins promotes blood peripheral flooding and reduces preload. A relaxation in the arteries significantly decreases afterload (arterial pressure and systematic vascular resistance). The reduced systolic wall tension and less ventricular radius reduce the oxygen requirements and the myocardial energy. This decrease in the filling pressures of the heart enhances subendocardial wall layer perfusion that ischemia threatens. Glyceryl trinitrate’s therapeu tic doses may decrease diastolic, systolic and average blood pressure in the arteries. This helps in maintaining coronary perfusion pressure. However, should blood pressure reduce, or an increase in the heart rate lowers the diastolic filling time, it can be highly compromised (Coyne 2008 p34). 2. GNT is a prodrug that should be denitrated first so that it can produce NO (the metabolite nitric oxide that is active). Nitro vasodilators are nitrates that undergo denitration to produce NO in the body. NO being a potent activator of GC (Guannyl Cylase) with the help of mechanisms that are heme-dependent, its activation results in the formation of cGMP from cGTP (cyclic guanosine triphosphate) (Bersten 2009 p938). 3. When glyceryl trinitrate is administered sublingually, it is absorbed rapidly from the mouth’s mucosa and bypasses the liver to reach the vascular system. It is metabolized in the liver and other cells such as erythrocytes with cleavage of several nitrate groups. Nume rous inter-individual as well as intra-individual variations can be seen after the sublingual administration, for the plasma concentration. Glyceryl trinitrate, together with its metabolites, is eliminated principally, with less than 1% excreted with no change (Broyles, Reiss & Evans 2012 p.437). 4. The application of glyceryl trinitrate in any form during acute myocardial infarction’s early days requires attention to be particularly paid to clinical status and

Stem Barks of Bauhinia Acuminata | Analysis

Stem Barks of Bauhinia Acuminata | Analysis Materials and Methods Plant collection The stem barks of Bauhinia acuminata L. were collected from Rajshahi university campus, Bangladesh, in the month of September, 2013. The plant was authenticated by a taxonomist of Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi. A voucher specimen (Voucher No. MN-13) was deposited to the herbarium in the Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi. The stem barks were then washed separately with fresh water to remove dirty materials and were shade dried for several days with occasional sun drying. The dried barks were then ground into coarse powder by grinding machine and the materials were stored in dark at room temperature for future use. Extract preparation The extraction was performed according to method described by Alam el al. (Alam et al., 2002). About 400 gm of dried powdered stem bark were taken in an amber colored reagent bottle (2.5-liter capacity) and the materials were soaked in 2.0 liter of 100% methanol. The bottle with its contents were sealed and kept for a period of about 7 days with occasional shaking and stirring. The whole mixture was then filtered through cotton and then through Whatman No.1 filters paper and were concentrated with a rotary evaporator (Bibby Sterlin Ltd, UK) under reduced pressure at 45ÂÂ °C temperature to afford crude extract of the bark. The crude extract was mixed with 90% methanol in water to obtain a slurry of satisfactory volume of 100ml. The slurry was taken in a separating funnel and added equal amount of different partitioning solvent sequentially as like n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and finally water. The funnel was shaken vigorously and allowed to stand for a few minutes for sep aration of the compounds according to their partition co-efficient and thus extracts were prepared for the experiment purpose. The process was repeated three times. At last, the different fractionated parts were evaporated using rotary evaporator at 400C to obtain n-hexane fraction (NHF, 1.12 gm), chloroform fraction (CHF, 1.33 gm), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF, 2.27 gm) and aqueous fraction (AQF, 8.86 gm) respectively. Chemicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium ferricyanide, catechin (CA), ferrous ammonium sulphate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), gallic acid (GA), ascorbic acid (AA), AlCl3, trichloro acetic acid (TCA), sodium phosphate, sodium nitrate, ammonium molybdate, 2-deoxy ribose, sodium hydroxide, EDTA and FeCl3 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); potassium acetate, phosphate buffer, thiobarbituric acid(TBA),ÂÂ   HCl, H2SO4, H2O2were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, vinblastine sulphate (VBS) from Cipla India, folin-ciocalteuss phenol reagent and sodium carbonate were obtained from Merck (Dam-stadt, Germany). Determination of total phenolics Total phenolic contents in the extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method described by Singleton et al. (Slinkard Singleton, 1977). 40 ÂÂ µl of the extract/fractions (250ÂÂ µg/ml) were taken in test tubes and to each 3.16 ml of water was added to make up the volume 3.2ml. 200 ÂÂ µl of folin-Ciocalteu (Undiluted) reagent solution was added into the test tubes and kept for 5-8min. 600 ÂÂ µl of sodium carbonate (20%) solution was added into the test tubes and shake to mix. The test tubes were incubated for 2 hours at 20ËÅ ¡C to complete the reaction. Then the absorbance of the solution was measured at 765 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, USA) against blank solution. A typical blank solution contains all reagents except plant extract or standard solution. Standard Gallic acid solutions (50-250ÃŽÂ ¼g /ml) concentrations were also treated as above. The total content of phenolic compounds in plant methanol extract and in different fractions wa s expressed as Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/gm of dry extract in respect to standard gallic acid curve equation (y = 0.0008x 0.005, RÂÂ ² = 0.975). Determination of total flavonoids Total flavonoids were estimated using aluminum chloride colorimetric assay described by Zhishen et al. (Zhishen, Mengcheng, Jianming, 1999). To 0.5 ml of samples/standard, 150 ÂÂ µl of 5% sodium nitrate and 2.5 ml of distilled water were added. After 5 min, 0.3 ml of 10% AlCl3 was added. At 6 min, 1 ml of 0.001M NaOH and 0.55 ml distilled water was added to the mixture and left at RT for 15 min.ÂÂ   Absorbance of the mixtures was measured at 510 nm. Total flavonoid contents were expressed in terms of catechin equivalent, CAE /gm of dry extract in respect to standard curve equation (y = 0.0178x+0.0524, RÂÂ ² = 0.9862). Determination of free radical scavenging activity DPPH radical scavenging activity Free radical scavenging ability of the extracts was tested by DPPH radical scavenging assay (DRSA) as described by Braca et al. (Braca et al., 2001). Aliquots of 2.5mL of methanolic solution containing sample at different concentration was mixed with 2.5 ml of 0.008% DPPH solution in methanol. The reaction mixture was vortexed thoroughly and left in the dark at room temperature for 30 minutes. The absorbance of the mixture was measured spectrophotometrically at 517 nm. Ascorbic acid was used as reference. Percentage DPPH radical scavenging activity (% DRSA) was calculated by the following equation, % DRSA = (A0-A1/A0) x 100 Where, A0 = Absorbance of control and A1 = Absorbance of sample. IC50 values denote the concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% DPPH free radicals. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of extract was assessed by the method described by Zhang et al. (Zhang He). Aliquot of 1.0 ml of 0.1mmol/L H2O2 and 1.0 ml of various concentrations of extracts were mixed. Followed by 2 drops of 3% ammonium molybdate, 10 ml of 2M H2SO4 and 7.0 ml of 1.8 mol/L KI. The mixed solution was titrated with 5.09mmol/L Na2S2O3 until yellow color disappeared. The extent of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide was calculated as: % scavenging of hydrogen peroxide = [(V0-V1) / V0] ÃÆ'- 100 Where, V0 = Volume of Na2S2O3 solution used to titrate the control sample in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (without sample), V1 = Volume of Na2S2O3 solution used in the presence of samples. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) of the extracts was determined by the method of Halliwell et al. (Halliwell, Gutteridge, Aruoma, 1987) with a slight modification. 100 ÂÂ µl of various concentrations of extracts were mixed with 100 ÂÂ µl of hydrogen peroxide (10mmol/L). To this 200 ÂÂ µl premixed FeCl3 (100mmol/L) and EDTA (100mmol/L) solution (1:1;v/v) was added. Followed by addition of 500 ÂÂ µl of 2.8mmol/L 2-deoxyribose in phosphate buffer (PH7.4) and finally the reaction was triggered by adding 100 ÂÂ µl ascorbate (300mmol/L).ÂÂ   Then the reaction mixture was incubated at 37.5ËÅ ¡C for 1 hour. To the above reaction mixture 2 ml of TCA (2.8% w/v aqueous solution) and 2 ml of TBA (1% w/v aqueous solution) was added. The final reaction mixture was heated for 15min in boiling water bath, cooled and absorbance was taken at 532nm using a spectrophotometer. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was evaluated with the inhibition percentage of 2-deoxyribose oxidation on hydroxyl radicals. The percentage of hydroxyl radical scavenging (%HRSA) activity was calculated according to the following formula: % HRSA = [A0 (A1-A2] ÃÆ'-100/A0 where A0 is the absorbance of the control without a sample. A1 is the absorbance after adding the sample and 2-deoxyribose. A2 is the absorbance of the sample without 2-deoxyribose. REFERENCES Alam, A., Rahman, M., Baki, M., Rashid, M., Bhuyan, M., Sadik, G. (2002). Antidiarrhoeal principle of Achyranthes ferruginea Roxb. and their cytotoxicity. Ban Pharm J, 12, 1-4. Braca, A., De Tommasi, N., Di Bari, L., Pizza, C., Politi, M., Morelli, I. (2001). Antioxidant Principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis. Journal of Natural Products, 64(7), 892-895. doi:10.1021/np0100845 Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J. M., Aruoma, O. I. (1987). The deoxyribose method: a simple test-tube assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal Biochem, 165(1), 215-219. Slinkard, K., Singleton, V. L. (1977). Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28(1), 49-55. Zhang, X., He, F. Science Press; Beijing, China: 2000. Principle of Chemical Analysis, 275-276. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.

What is life without ignorance? :: essays research papers

What is life without Suffering? We all suffer from being ignorant. Is it possible to end your ignorance? According to the Buddhist theory it is. It is possible to end your ignorance and all personal desire to eventually become enlightened and reach Nirvana, which is utter peace. Ending your ignorance will in turn end suffering. The Buddha taught that there were many natural occurrences that led up to ignorance and that we all are capable of liberating ourselves from. It is true that we all have desires that our unmet and it causes problems in our lives. It is also true that the world is full of hunger, war, death, and over all misery and pain. But what would our world be without problems. If we all were enlightened and free of all our ignorance then our lives and world would be incredibly boring and uneventful. We don’t like having problems and challenges but our lives are about working through problems and overcoming and learning. Ignorance does cause many problems but knowing everything about our world can often bring you down instead of up. Losing ignorance is very important in maturing and evolving as a person but losing your ignorance is not the end to all your suffering. There is no end to suffering, there are breaks but there is no end. According to the bandits theory life is full of misery and pain. Everything we have and want brings some sort of pain to our lives. We fear losing what we have and we always want more. Buddhists believe we all are born with this feeling and that we all cling to objects in this world for enjoyment. We all have a lot of natural desires because we are all human beings with brains, senses, and feelings. All of this makes us get impressions of what we want, what we want to be, and what we think should happen. This causes us all to have some ignorance to many different things and ideas. It is correct that our lives are full of misery and pain. We also are all ignorant, but having ignorance and some suffering in your life is what makes our world what it is, it is what makes our lives interesting. The problems and obstacles that we have in our lives help us change and help us grow. If you eliminate all of your problems and all your desires, what do you have to live for?

Explain what Plato meant by the Form of the Good Essay

Plato was an Ancient Greek philosopher whose writings and theories have greatly influenced the development of Western philosophy. Perhaps his most famous theory is that of the Forms – pure ideas or concepts of what a THING is. It was Plato’s belief that as well as this world, the material world – or the world of Appearances, as he called it – there exists another dimension, where the true Forms of everything in the material world reside; Reality, or the realm of the Forms. A Form, by Plato’s reckoning, is eternal, perfect and unchanging, unlike the images or shadows of Forms that we see in the world of Appearances. In the material world, nothing is perfect, everything changes and eventually everything dies. However, Plato was a dualist, so he believed that as well as our mortal body we also have an immortal soul which existed before and will exist after our time in this world of appearances. The place where our souls resided before we were born and will return to when we die is the realm of the Forms. This, according to Plato explains why we have an innate (though dim) recollection of what Forms are, and why we can recognize things like beauty and justice without being taught. Plato believed that the true philosopher was the one who knew about the Forms and was trying to appreciate and understand the Form of the Good. The Form of the Good is the highest in Plato’s hierarchy of Forms, the highest reality. It is the source and the unity of all the other Forms, and illuminates them so that if one has understanding of the Form of the Good, they have understanding of all the Forms. In Plato’s analogy of the Cave, the Good is represented by the Sun, which is the source of all the objects that the escaped prisoner finds above ground. The Sun makes all the things above ground visible, just like the Form of the Good makes all the other Forms understandable. The Analogy of the Sun by Plato tells us more about the Form of the Good. Plato believed that sight was the â€Å"most noble† of the five senses, because the other four require only two things, a sensor and a sensed (eg. an ear and a sound, a nose and a smell). Sight, however, requires three: an eye, a thing to be seen and the sun to provide light and make it possible for the eye to see it. Plato likens sight to reason; reason requires somebody to understand/to be enlightened, a thing to understand, and the Good to make it possible to understand it. The Form of the Good cannot ever be wholly present in the world of Appearances; however it can, like the other Forms, be reflected in a variety of ways. This, Plato argues, is the reason why we can call so many different things â€Å"good† – because they all correspond to the true reality of goodness at least in part. A cake can be called â€Å"good† if it satisfies someone’s hunger and pleases their taste buds; a chair can be called â€Å"good† if it is comfortable and doesn’t break when you sit on it; a person can be called â€Å"good† if they are kind to others, or if they volunteer in developing countries. But the Form of Good is all of these things, and more than all of these things, says Plato, and because all the Forms come from the Form of Good, every time Truth or Beauty or Justice is reflected in the world of Appearances, Good is being reflected too. Some people think that Plato’s theory of the Form of the Good doesn’t work, because, they argue, around the world and through the ages there are different concepts and understandings of what it means to be good or what a good thing is, so there cannot possibly be a perfect singular Good to which all these different actions and people agree with. These people are known as moral relativists and they do not believe there is absolute morality, rather one must decide what is right and wrong from the particular situation they are in. For example, in some cultures, it is never a good thing to take a life, even if that person has done terrible things including taking lives themselves. However, in other cultures, if the person has done terrible things society will agree that they should be executed for the good of the rest of society and to protect them from future crimes that the person could commit in the future. Plato was a moral absolutist, someone who does believe in a total, unchanging good. Moral absolutists would argue that just because not every culture recognizes the true goodness for what it is, that doesn’t make it any less good.

Marry Shellys Frankenstein Essay

In the story there are obvious sections, there are a few reasons for this. As you read the book you realize that the story is subdivided. There are different forms of narrative in the story. This varies from letterform at the start of the story, different narrators and letters sent to people in the story. In Frankenstein there are three different narrators, these are the monster, Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton. The narrative set up is rather like an onion. This is because you have the main narrator, the monster, in the middle then Victor and then finally on the outside Walton. Robert Walton would have been seen as a Romantic hero because of his rebellious ways. Mary Shelly choose Robert Walton’s character because she wants him to be a rebel, which also links him to Victor Frankenstein as victor is a rebel as well. Mary Shelly links Robert Walton to Romantics. Firstly Romantics have interest in nature, rather like Robert Walton who is going on a voyage to the North Pole. Also Romantics rebelled against social rules. Robert Walton is rebelling against what Shelley calls the rules of nature as he goes on an expedition to the undiscovered. There are many Romantic heroes from various books like Odysseus from The Odyssey. But there are also other rebellious heroes many of who are from myths and legends. One of the main rebellious heroes was Prometheus who gave fire to man against Zeus’ will and was punished for it. Shelly presents Robert Walton as a rebel, rather like Victor Frankenstein. We no that Robert Walton is a rebel firstly because he rebels against the limitations of knowledge, he is going to the North Pole. He says, â€Å"I shall satiate my ardent curiosity with the sight of a part of the world never before visited. † This means that he wants satisfy his need for knowledge by searching the ‘unknown’ world. We also know he is a rebel as his father forbids him to go on a voyage, which he is doing. Also we see that he doesn’t desire luxuries or an easy life, he says â€Å"My life might have been passed in ease and luxury, but I preferred glory to every enticement that wealth placed in my path. † This also shows that he will go a long way for glory and that he would much prefer glory than luxury and ease. Victor Frankenstein is seen as an amazing being through Robert Walton’s eyes through their time together. Shelly describes Frankenstein through the eyes of Robert Walton as a â€Å"Divine wanderer†. Also Walton Says that he is, â€Å"so gentle, yet so wise†. From Shelly’s choice of words we can see that Robert Walton sees Victor Frankenstein as a person with superhuman qualities. Therefore throughout Robert Walton’s letter we can see that Robert Walton looks up to Victor Frankenstein as a rebellious hero and as an amazing being. Structurally, Shelly’s opening to the novel is quiet strange. At the start of the novel you have Robert Walton’s letters and then Shelly follows the letters with Victors personal story. I believe that the way Shelley has opened the novel may be strange but it is effective trough out the sequence. By using different narratives Shelly encourages the reader to compare and contrast the viewpoints of Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton. From Chapter one Mary Shelly proceeds to create the character of Victor Frankenstein through his own narrative. Interestingly, she reveals that like the first narrator, Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein has had the desire to reach new depths of scientific research since he was a child. Mary Shelly shows the reader the parallels between the two narrators, Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein. Firstly the reader can see that Frankenstein and Walton are alike, as they both want to rebel against the limitation of knowledge. The reader knows this as Walton wants to find new undiscovered things by going to the North Pole and Frankenstein wants to create life. Also the reader can see that the two of the narrators are alike as they both rebel against their father. Finally the reader can see the similarities in the characters as they both say that they have had the desire to reach new depths of scientific research since they where children. Luke Garner 10Pd English Literature Mr Dorefeyev Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Literary Analysis of Beloved essays

Literary Analysis of Beloved essays In Beloved, Toni Morrison writes about a very important and controversial time in American history. It is not easy to describe the lives of freed and escaped slaves and the people dear to them. Morrison, through the use of diction, personification and repetition, creates a story that grabs attention as well as makes the reader feel as if they are part of the novel. Diction is extremely important to any good writer. The title of the book was chosen carefully and is conveyed throughout its contents. Beloved is a very meaningful word in this text; not only is it the title, but also the name of a very important character. Whenever the title of a book is seen in its context, it is important to think about what the author is saying (if anything) through the deliberate use. The relevance of the dead baby's headstone only saying 'BELOVED' is not seen clearly at first. After being introduced to the character Beloved, it is clear that the title of the work and the engraving on the tombstone were chosen with purpose. The reader gleans that Beloved is a character not to be taken lightly upon first introduction. It is evident that she is the reborn spirit of Sethe's dead child. This is known by her name, all of the similarities between Beloved and a newborn and the allusion to Sethe birthing a child at first sight of Beloved. The name Beloved takes on greater meaning (as stated before) when the reader looks back to where Sethe is thinking about the headstone of her deceased child. "With another ten [minutes] could she have gotten 'Dearly' too?...she could have had the whole thing...Dearly Beloved. But what she got, settled for, was the one word that mattered." (Beloved 5) Upon introduction to Beloved, the reader learns that she possesses many qualities of a newborn child. She has three scars on her forehead "so fine and thin they seemed at first like hair, baby hair before it bloomed...", she has a hard time keeping her eyes open, she can't ...

Congestive heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congestive heart Failure - Essay Example The ultimate result is that these individual face low economic growth in their lives and sometimes end up in poverty. Treatment of congestive heart failure is long term, which means that a person shall spend a lot of money in treatment rather than using the money to invest in other income generating sectors (Porth 2011). The family members of an individual suffering from CHF usually get affected psychologically. Since the disease is not curable, the family members worry about eminent death of their loved one. The psychological impact may make some family members to go into depression. Additionally, family members will spend a lot of finance in treating the sick family member. In some situations, the family can sell some of their valuable assets or take loans to treat the condition. The ultimate impact is the degradation of the family economy resulting in poverty. When several people in the society suffer from CHF, the society shall lose its workforce members because of the disease burden. This translates into a stagnant economic growth of the society and reduced food production, which can result into malnutrition in the society. Death of an individual’s suffering from CHF may result to children being left orphans, which can be a burden to the community in terms of sustaining them. CHF affects the nursing fraternity in a number of ways for example it leads to increased workload in the hospital making it difficult to handle other patients who need close monitoring. This may result to a nurse providing only some of the nursing care to a patient because the patients are many and must all be attended to (Boutayeb,

Sytems and operations management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sytems and operations management - Case Study Example Some of the business models applied in operation management include the input-process-output and value chain models. Information systems refer to a group of interrelated parts, which collect, process and distribute information in order to enhance control and decision making in an organization (Lee, Shiba and Wood 1999, p. 145). In a case study of Blackberry Hill Farm in South England, various business models can be used to analyze the problems faced in their day-to-day activities. These models include the input-process-output model (IPO), value chain model and consumer direct models. The challenges to be analyzed involve balancing the performance of activities, reducing complexity of some operations, as well as, staff management. Operational management involves transforming resources to products and services (McKeown and Leitch 2003, p. 67). The operations in the Blackberry Hill Farm involve agriculture and tourism. The input resources include cattle, crops, mixed woodland, poultry and farm heritage exhibits. The transforming input resources include the facilities such as a farm and the work force (employees). The transformational processes include cultivation, bee keeping and tractor riding. Others processes include selling at farm shops and cafà ©, bakery, preserving kitchen, pick-your own operations, a nd securing the farms and the car parks, as well. The output products include the fruits, vegetables, dough nuts, satisfaction of visitors and more (Kachiru 2007, p. 231). Using the IPO model, one can analyze the challenges by classifying the operations in the farm. It is necessary to arrange and sort out the major and minor activities. Jim and Mandy, the core managers at Blackberry Farm Hill have focused much on agritourism. This may be because of the increased number of visitors reporting to the farm in the previous seasons. Also, due to the adoption of many operations aimed at attracting more visitors would have contributed to low performance in farming.